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Invitation: TF-A Tech Forum @ Thu 12 Mar 2020 17:00 - 18:00 (GMT) (tf-a@lists.trustedfirmware.org)

by Bill Fletcher

You have been invited to the following event. Title: TF-A Tech Forum We are starting an open technical forum call for anyone to participate and it is not restricted to Trusted Firmware project members. It will operate under the guidance of the TF TSC. Feel free to forward this invite to colleagues. Future invites will be via the TF-A mailing list and also published on the Trusted Firmware website. Details are here: https://www.trustedfirmware.org/meetings/tf-a-technical-forum/Tr… Firmware is inviting you to a scheduled Zoom meeting.Join Zoom Meetinghttps://zoom.us/j/9159704974Meeting ID: 915 970 4974One tap mobile+16465588656,,9159704974# US (New York)+16699009128,,9159704974# US (San Jose)Dial by your location        +1 646 558 8656 US (New York)        +1 669 900 9128 US (San Jose)        877 853 5247 US Toll-free        888 788 0099 US Toll-freeMeeting ID: 915 970 4974Find your local number: https://zoom.us/u/ad27hc6t7h   When: Thu 12 Mar 2020 17:00 – 18:00 United Kingdom Time Calendar: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org Who: (Guest list has been hidden at organiser's request) Event details: https://www.google.com/calendar/event?action=VIEW&eid=MGVhNDdsMGVqNnEzZ3BpY… Invitation from Google Calendar: https://www.google.com/calendar/ You are receiving this courtesy email at the account tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org because you are an attendee of this event. To stop receiving future updates for this event, decline this event. Alternatively, you can sign up for a Google Account at https://www.google.com/calendar/ and control your notification settings for your entire calendar. Forwarding this invitation could allow any recipient to send a response to the organiser and be added to the guest list, invite others regardless of their own invitation status or to modify your RSVP. Learn more at https://support.google.com/calendar/answer/37135#forwarding

5 years, 6 months

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Re: [TF-A] FIP header flags available for feature selection

by Soby Mathew

Hi Scott Please add the platform specific flags as a field in fip_dev_state_t. typedef struct { uintptr_t dev_spec; uint32_t plat_toc_flag; } fip_dev_state_t; Then this field can be updated as part of verifying the FIP header. This header needs to be cleared when the device is closed. Introduce a helper in fip driver to query the flags: int fip_dev_get_plat_toc_flag(io_dev_info_t *dev_info, uint32_t *plat_toc_flag); That should satisfy your requirement. Best Regards Soby Mathew > -----Original Message----- > From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> On Behalf Of Scott > Branden via TF-A > Sent: 07 February 2020 18:57 > To: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org > Subject: [TF-A] FIP header flags available for feature selection > > Hello, > > The fip header has reserved fields available for platform specific use. > The fiptool allows these header fields to be filled in using the --plat-toc-flags. > > A call needs to be available in the ATF framework to get these flags without > accessing the FIP file again to get these flags. > We have a solution we've used for ATF for quite some time to access these > flags. > > It's finally being upstreamed here: > https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/2839 > > If there are any other efficient methods to access these flags or a better > proposal please suggest. > > Thanks, > Scott > -- > TF-A mailing list > TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org > https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you.

5 years, 7 months

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Re: [TF-A] [RFC] Multiple Signing Domains

by Sandrine Bailleux

Hi Raghu, Thanks a lot for the review comments and feedback! On 2/25/20 3:45 AM, Raghu Krishnamurthy via TF-A wrote: > The patch stack looks great! I do have a suggestion for the long term > evolution/future work on root's of trust and cert_create. It would be > great to generalize "dual-root" to "multi-root". It is conceivable that > firmware supporting secure partitions/SPCI etc, could move to having > multiple root's of trust. Here we have the silicon provider, and the > platform owner as two roots, but a more complex system could contain > silicon firmware, platform firmware and multiple secure partitions, each > signed by different entities. To remove the signing dependencies between > each of these entities, we could have a ROTPK for each of these entities > and the same solution used here, can be applied to solve multiple root's > of trust and is summarized very well by your statement -"As long as > there is a defined contract between BL2 and the (P)(*)ROTK-rooted images > as to how/where to securely get this key or hash, there should not be > any need for the two vendors to do any cross-signing." >> To do this, If possible, we should start moving away from tables such as > the ones in cert_create/src/dualroot/cot.c and have platforms provide > the certificate dependencies and keys used to sign them in a config > file. This achieves two things: it makes cert_create independent of the > cert chain a platform wants to use and the number of roots of trust, > and, makes cert_create more usable by reducing the number of command > line arguments to be provided, which is a long list today. You could > potentially use the config file provided to auto generate the tbbr_cot.c > file being linked into the firmware too. > > Let me know what you think. I agree with everything you said above. Indeed, there's no reason to stop at 2 roots of trust and as you pointed out there are real use cases to enable more. The dualroot chain of trust is only the first step in that direction and is a useful way to experiment with extending the TBBR implementation and chain of trust, while addressing a real use case. Also completely agree with the lack of flexibility of the hard-coded chain of trust in cert_create/src/dualroot/cot.c and drivers/auth/dualroot/cot.c for that matter. In fact, we (at Arm) are thinking along the same lines as you and have had similar ideas boiling for some time. We are making gradual changes to introduce more flexibility into TF-A, not just for the chain of trust, but for any platform-specific data. Maybe you've seen the recent FConf framework patches, which is a key piece into enabling platform layers to move platform-specific data into configuration files. There is still work to do but down the line we are already thinking about moving the chain of trust description into such a configuration file. Moving the CoT into a configuration file has many advantages: - It could constitute the single input source for the chain of trust, serving both the cert_create tool and the firmware. Today, the CoT is described and duplicated in both places and there is really no good reason to keep things like that IMO. As you said, we could auto-generate the tbbr_cot.c file and build into the firmware, or even have the firmware dynamically parse the configuration file at runtime and extract its CoT. - It could simplify the description of the CoT. Today, I think that the C data structures in tbbr_cot.c are quite complex and not straight-forward to understand at first. If we described them using some configuration language, I believe we could abstract some of these details away or at least organize them in a more intuitive way. Regards, Sandrine

5 years, 7 months

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Re: [TF-A] [RFC] Multiple Signing Domains

by Raghu Krishnamurthy

Hi Sandrine, The patch stack looks great! I do have a suggestion for the long term evolution/future work on root's of trust and cert_create. It would be great to generalize "dual-root" to "multi-root". It is conceivable that firmware supporting secure partitions/SPCI etc, could move to having multiple root's of trust. Here we have the silicon provider, and the platform owner as two roots, but a more complex system could contain silicon firmware, platform firmware and multiple secure partitions, each signed by different entities. To remove the signing dependencies between each of these entities, we could have a ROTPK for each of these entities and the same solution used here, can be applied to solve multiple root's of trust and is summarized very well by your statement -"As long as there is a defined contract between BL2 and the (P)(*)ROTK-rooted images as to how/where to securely get this key or hash, there should not be any need for the two vendors to do any cross-signing." To do this, If possible, we should start moving away from tables such as the ones in cert_create/src/dualroot/cot.c and have platforms provide the certificate dependencies and keys used to sign them in a config file. This achieves two things: it makes cert_create independent of the cert chain a platform wants to use and the number of roots of trust, and, makes cert_create more usable by reducing the number of command line arguments to be provided, which is a long list today. You could potentially use the config file provided to auto generate the tbbr_cot.c file being linked into the firmware too. Let me know what you think. Thanks Raghu On 2/24/20 3:43 AM, Sandrine Bailleux via TF-A wrote: > Hi, > > Following up on my email sent in November 2019: > https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/pipermail/tf-a/2019-November/000124.html > > and the proof-of-concept code and documentation shared at that time: > [1] > https://developer.trustedfirmware.org/w/tf_a/poc-multiple-signing-domains/ > [2] https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/2443 > > I've made a number of improvements and cleanups in the code. I am > posting a new version that introduces this new chain of trust (called > "dualroot", as it has 2 roots of trust) as an alternative to the default > TBBR one. Right now, it is only enabled on some Arm platforms but it > should be pretty straight-forward to extend this to other platforms. > > The code is available there: > https://review.trustedfirmware.org/q/topic:%22sb%252Fdualroot%22 > > and is comprised of the following patches: > - Introduce a new "dualroot" chain of trust > - cert_create: Define the dualroot CoT > - Build system: Changes to drive cert_create for dualroot CoT > - plat/arm: Provide some PROTK files for development > - plat/arm: Add support for dualroot CoT > - plat/arm: Pass cookie argument down to arm_get_rotpk_info() > - plat/arm: Retrieve the right ROTPK when using the dualroot CoT > > This patch stack is based on preparatory work (which has already been > merged) to select a different CoT. This patch stack: > - Did some build system refactoring. > - Introduced a new 'COT' build option to select the chosen chain of trust. > - Made no functional change. > See > http://git.trustedfirmware.org/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a.git/commit/?id=dcd03… > > Note that I've not updated the TF-A documentation just yet to reflect > these changes. I will do that once I've had some initial feedback from > the community and feel that we're reaching a consensus (in the interest > of saving time keeping documentation aligned with code going under rework). > > > Changes Compared to the Proof-of-Concept Patch [2] > -------------------------------------------------- > > - Introduced a proper, separate chain of trust rather than hijacking the > TBBR one. It also has its own header file for certificate extensions > OIDs now. > > - NS-ROTPK has been renamed into "Platform ROTPK", or PROTPK for short. > Going forward, this key would sign both non-trusted images (such as > BL33) and secure partitions. The NS- prefix did not fit well this use > case. The "Platform" prefix instead refers to the owner of this key, > i.e. the platform owner, as opposed to the Silicon Provider. > > - Removed Non-Trusted World Bootloader Key Certificate. > This didn't seem needed in this context and simplifies the CoT. > > - Removed the Non-Trusted Key from the Trusted Key Certificate, as it's > not used in this CoT (the PROTPK signs all non-trusted images instead). > > - As a consequence, the corresponding option for feeding the PROTPK to > the cert_create tool has been renamed into --prot-key (was --ns-rot-key). > > - The hash of the PROTPK is now provided in a file rather than being > hard-coded into the code. This is cleaner than polluting the code with a > byte array. > > - Proper integration in the build system. > Using the dualroot chain of trust is achieved through the COT build > option: > > make <usual trusted boot build options> COT=dualroot > > - plat_get_rotpk_info() is unchanged if using the TBBR CoT. > The alternative implementation managing both ROTPK or PROTPK is > selected only if the dualroot CoT has been chosen at build time. > > > Testing and Supported Platforms > ------------------------------- > > Tested on AEMv8-A Base Platform (AArch32 and AArch64 execution states), > rde1edge, rdn1edge, SGI-575 and SGM-775 FVPs (all available on > https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/simulation-models/fixed-virtua…). > > Arm Juno is not supported right now because it has its own > implementation of plat_get_arm_rotpk_info() instead of piggy-backing on > the Arm common one. > > Ran the standard set of tests available in the TF-A-Tests repository: > http://git.trustedfirmware.org/TF-A/tf-a-tests.git/about/ > > Also ran the firmware update tests available in the same repository. See > > https://trustedfirmware-a-tests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user-guide.html#ns… > for more information. > > Finally, performed some end-to-end boot tests to Linux. > > And of course, ran our regression tests to make sure that existing > configurations using the TBBR chain of trust are still working as expected. > > > Caveats > ------- > > The PROTPK hash is embedded into the firmware. It's unlikely that a real > system would like to do that. The use case targeted here is to remove > the need for the primary ROTPK owner to interact with the PROTPK owner. > If BL2 embeds the hash, this defeats the purpose, as now the BL2 owner > (which is expected to be the primary ROTPK owner) has to get the PROTPK > from the other vendor. > > In a real system, we would expect the PROTPK to be provisioned in such a > way that BL2 is able to retrieve it. For example, the PROTPK owner might > burn it (or a hash of it) in some OTP memory. As long as there is a > defined contract between BL2 and the PROTK-rooted images as to how/where > to securely get this key or hash, there should not be any need for the > two vendors to do any cross-signing. > > This caveat was already present in the proof-of-concept [2] and stays > out of the scope for this work, as this ties into broader topics such as > key provisioning. Right now, the onus is on the platform layer to handle > this appropriately. > > > Future work > ----------- > > We have plans to change the "dualroot" CoT further and extend the PROTPK > signing domain with a secure partition. This would demonstrate the use > of several secure partitions, some owned by the silicon provider, others > owned by the platform owner. > > > Regards, > Sandrine >

5 years, 7 months

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New Defects reported by Coverity Scan for ARM-software/arm-trusted-firmware

by scan-admin＠coverity.com

Hi, Please find the latest report on new defect(s) introduced to ARM-software/arm-trusted-firmware found with Coverity Scan. 1 new defect(s) introduced to ARM-software/arm-trusted-firmware found with Coverity Scan. 3 defect(s), reported by Coverity Scan earlier, were marked fixed in the recent build analyzed by Coverity Scan. New defect(s) Reported-by: Coverity Scan Showing 1 of 1 defect(s) ** CID 354288: Memory - corruptions (OVERRUN) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *** CID 354288: Memory - corruptions (OVERRUN) /plat/intel/soc/common/socfpga_psci.c: 138 in socfpga_system_reset() 132 133 extern uint64_t intel_rsu_update_address; 134 135 static void __dead2 socfpga_system_reset(void) 136 { 137 if (intel_rsu_update_address) >>> CID 354288: Memory - corruptions (OVERRUN) >>> Overrunning buffer pointed to by "&intel_rsu_update_address" of 8 bytes by passing it to a function which accesses it at byte offset 15. 138 mailbox_rsu_update(&intel_rsu_update_address); 139 else 140 mailbox_reset_cold(); 141 142 while (1) 143 wfi(); ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To view the defects in Coverity Scan visit, https://u2389337.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=nJaKvJSIH-2FPAfmty-2BK5tYpPkl…

5 years, 7 months

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Re: [TF-A] [RFC] Multiple Signing Domains

by Sandrine Bailleux

Hi, Following up on my email sent in November 2019: https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/pipermail/tf-a/2019-November/000124.html and the proof-of-concept code and documentation shared at that time: [1] https://developer.trustedfirmware.org/w/tf_a/poc-multiple-signing-domains/ [2] https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/2443 I've made a number of improvements and cleanups in the code. I am posting a new version that introduces this new chain of trust (called "dualroot", as it has 2 roots of trust) as an alternative to the default TBBR one. Right now, it is only enabled on some Arm platforms but it should be pretty straight-forward to extend this to other platforms. The code is available there: https://review.trustedfirmware.org/q/topic:%22sb%252Fdualroot%22 and is comprised of the following patches: - Introduce a new "dualroot" chain of trust - cert_create: Define the dualroot CoT - Build system: Changes to drive cert_create for dualroot CoT - plat/arm: Provide some PROTK files for development - plat/arm: Add support for dualroot CoT - plat/arm: Pass cookie argument down to arm_get_rotpk_info() - plat/arm: Retrieve the right ROTPK when using the dualroot CoT This patch stack is based on preparatory work (which has already been merged) to select a different CoT. This patch stack: - Did some build system refactoring. - Introduced a new 'COT' build option to select the chosen chain of trust. - Made no functional change. See http://git.trustedfirmware.org/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a.git/commit/?id=dcd03… Note that I've not updated the TF-A documentation just yet to reflect these changes. I will do that once I've had some initial feedback from the community and feel that we're reaching a consensus (in the interest of saving time keeping documentation aligned with code going under rework). Changes Compared to the Proof-of-Concept Patch [2] -------------------------------------------------- - Introduced a proper, separate chain of trust rather than hijacking the TBBR one. It also has its own header file for certificate extensions OIDs now. - NS-ROTPK has been renamed into "Platform ROTPK", or PROTPK for short. Going forward, this key would sign both non-trusted images (such as BL33) and secure partitions. The NS- prefix did not fit well this use case. The "Platform" prefix instead refers to the owner of this key, i.e. the platform owner, as opposed to the Silicon Provider. - Removed Non-Trusted World Bootloader Key Certificate. This didn't seem needed in this context and simplifies the CoT. - Removed the Non-Trusted Key from the Trusted Key Certificate, as it's not used in this CoT (the PROTPK signs all non-trusted images instead). - As a consequence, the corresponding option for feeding the PROTPK to the cert_create tool has been renamed into --prot-key (was --ns-rot-key). - The hash of the PROTPK is now provided in a file rather than being hard-coded into the code. This is cleaner than polluting the code with a byte array. - Proper integration in the build system. Using the dualroot chain of trust is achieved through the COT build option: make <usual trusted boot build options> COT=dualroot - plat_get_rotpk_info() is unchanged if using the TBBR CoT. The alternative implementation managing both ROTPK or PROTPK is selected only if the dualroot CoT has been chosen at build time. Testing and Supported Platforms ------------------------------- Tested on AEMv8-A Base Platform (AArch32 and AArch64 execution states), rde1edge, rdn1edge, SGI-575 and SGM-775 FVPs (all available on https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/simulation-models/fixed-virtua…). Arm Juno is not supported right now because it has its own implementation of plat_get_arm_rotpk_info() instead of piggy-backing on the Arm common one. Ran the standard set of tests available in the TF-A-Tests repository: http://git.trustedfirmware.org/TF-A/tf-a-tests.git/about/ Also ran the firmware update tests available in the same repository. See https://trustedfirmware-a-tests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user-guide.html#ns… for more information. Finally, performed some end-to-end boot tests to Linux. And of course, ran our regression tests to make sure that existing configurations using the TBBR chain of trust are still working as expected. Caveats ------- The PROTPK hash is embedded into the firmware. It's unlikely that a real system would like to do that. The use case targeted here is to remove the need for the primary ROTPK owner to interact with the PROTPK owner. If BL2 embeds the hash, this defeats the purpose, as now the BL2 owner (which is expected to be the primary ROTPK owner) has to get the PROTPK from the other vendor. In a real system, we would expect the PROTPK to be provisioned in such a way that BL2 is able to retrieve it. For example, the PROTPK owner might burn it (or a hash of it) in some OTP memory. As long as there is a defined contract between BL2 and the PROTK-rooted images as to how/where to securely get this key or hash, there should not be any need for the two vendors to do any cross-signing. This caveat was already present in the proof-of-concept [2] and stays out of the scope for this work, as this ties into broader topics such as key provisioning. Right now, the onus is on the platform layer to handle this appropriately. Future work ----------- We have plans to change the "dualroot" CoT further and extend the PROTPK signing domain with a secure partition. This would demonstrate the use of several secure partitions, some owned by the silicon provider, others owned by the platform owner. Regards, Sandrine

5 years, 7 months

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Need to synchronize pending EA

by Madhukar Pappireddy

Hi, I have pushed a patch [1] to use a barrier to synchronize pending EA at the entry and exit of exception handlers in BL31(EL3S). There is an interesting discussion as seen in the gerrit review comments of the patch. It looks like this patch is just enabling early panic/crash of the system in the event of SErrors but it does come with performance penalty (due to DSBs) for common exceptions like SMC calls. We believe this needs broader discussion to understand the practical approach to handle SErrors, especially in SoCs without RAS support. Please let us know your thoughts on this patch. [1] https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/3440 Thanks, Madhukar

5 years, 7 months

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Re: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables

by Petre-Ionut Tudor

Hi Raghu, Thank you for your comments. My own comments are inline. ________________________________ From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> on behalf of Raghu Krishnamurthy via TF-A <tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> Sent: 18 February 2020 00:16 To: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org <tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> Subject: Re: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables I think it is worth implementing this to raise the bar for successful attacks. To Varun's point, in today's systems without S-EL2(<v8.4), it would be less effective as pointed out, since EL3 memory can be completely accessed by SEL1 and SEL1 code tends to have a larger code base on mobile devices(OPTEE, tlk etc). However, on systems with very thin SEL1 shims(typically servers), this would definitely raise the bar for attacks, since you effectively only have SEL0 and EL3. SEL1 cannot be exploited practically. For new SoCs with SEL2, this mitigation can still be very effective if we can ensure future SEL2 implementations have much smaller code bases and implements this mitigation itself. Effectively, i view SEL2 and EL3 as being equally privileged(it is no different than SEL1 because SEL2 can barf all over EL3 memory and TZ resources if exploited). SEL2 extensions, however, gives EL3 protection from SEL1 and can prevent SEL1 from accessing ALL TZ resources. If you view SEL2 and EL3 as equally privileged and view both together as a single entity, v8.4 systems effectively have EL3, SEL1, SEL0 AND the ability for EL3 to protect itself and other TZ resources from SEL1. In such a system, EL3(and SEL2) having this mitigation will definitely raise the bar for successful attacks. Also, the cost to implement this mitigation is relatively low for a fairly significant raise in the bar for successful attacks. PS - I say significantly raise the bar since an attacker will potentially require gadgets to modify TTBRx, invalidate TLB's, and enough gadgets in the code base to have a successful attack. If code in TF-A EL3 is fairly small, and code that writes to TTBR_EL3 can be in some section of the image that can be reclaimed/erased after initial setup, the attacker would have no gadget to modify TTBR_EL3, so there would be virtually no way to change TTBR_EL3. On a default build of FVP, there is a grand total of 1 instruction that writes to TTBR0_EL3 in enable_mmu_direct_el3. This might be a nice follow up change to this mitigation, if others think it is worth it. The same could be extended to other system registers that don't ever need to be changed(VBAR_EL3? SCTLR_EL3?). Petre: enable_mmu_direct_el3 is also used in the read-only xlat tables API, because the change is made while the MMU is on (so it must be disabled first). I decided to implement it this way in order to allow a platform to make any changes it needs to the translation tables (e.g. for reclaiming initialization code) before calling this API. So, it is kind of "dynamic"...but after it is called nothing can be done to the tables from that EL. This means that we have to reclaim before using this API (otherwise we would have to choose between reclaiming and this feature since RO tables won't allow changing the memory map). I was afraid the change might impose too much rigidity on the initialization of platform BL images, so I went with this approach instead of making the tables read-only at creation by the init_xlat_tables* functions. Thanks Raghu On 2/17/20 12:35 PM, Varun Wadekar via TF-A wrote: > Hello Petre, > > Thanks for the patch. Before I review the actual code, would like to understand how effective this patch will be and if you have seen a real world attack that this patch mitigates. > > AFAIU, the ARM architecture provides the TZ bit as the only protection to create "partitions" on a CPU core. So, potentially S-EL1 can access almost all TZ resources that EL3 can access. Thus, creating a silo inside EL3 exception mode is not an effective mitigation against any other TZ component writing to the physical memory where the page tables are stored. For the scope of this attack vector, are we assuming that the system cannot be compromised by attacking other TZ software components in the system? > > I feel until we have a way to distinguish between CPU realms (EL3 v S-EL2 v S-EL1) at the hardware bus level (ARM v9?), these mitigations are not that effective. > > Thoughts? > > -Varun > > -----Original Message----- > From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> On Behalf Of Petre-Ionut Tudor via TF-A > Sent: Monday, February 17, 2020 9:40 AM > To: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org > Subject: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables > > External email: Use caution opening links or attachments > > > Hello Everyone, > > For quite some time I have been working on a security hardening feature that offers extra protection against tampering with the Secure world translation tables. An example would be using a gadget that can perform writes to arbitrary Secure memory locations to change memory attributes and/or the memory map. > > A real world exploit that uses read/write gadgets to tamper with translation tables can be found here: https://vimeo.com/335948808. If you only want the slide deck, it's available here: https://speakerdeck.com/hhj4ck/el3-tour-get-the-ultimate-privilege-of-andro…. > > A patch implementing this feature has been recently pushed upstream here: https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/3349. It extends v2 of the translation tables library with an API that can be called by a BL image any time after the initialization of the xlat tables to make them read-only. > > It would be great to hear your opinions about this, particularly whether or not it is a desirable feature to have in TF-A and what extra work needs to be done for it to meet the use cases that you consider most relevant. > > Best wishes > Petre > IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. > -- > TF-A mailing list > TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org > https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a > > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > This email message is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain > confidential information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution > is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by > reply email and destroy all copies of the original message. > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > -- TF-A mailing list TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a

5 years, 7 months

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Re: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables

by Petre-Ionut Tudor

Hi Varun, Thank you for the suggestions. My comments are inline. Petre ________________________________ From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> on behalf of Varun Wadekar via TF-A <tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> Sent: 18 February 2020 05:44 To: Raghu Krishnamurthy <raghu.ncstate(a)icloud.com> Cc: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org <tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> Subject: Re: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables Thanks Raghu. I agree that this patch reduces the attack surface and would be a good addition, if we consider use cases where EL3 code runs in a silo. Since S-EL1 can contain any third party code, there is an opportunity to change memory contents without EL3 ever noticing the change. A hash for the RO page tables would improve this change immensely IMO. > Petre: Thank you for the suggestion. Sounds like an interesting improvement to make (maybe in a follow-up to this change?, since my rotation in the TF-A team is nearing its end). This change is not effective for platforms that use dynamic page tables e.g. Tegra platforms, so we won't be enabling it. But if other maintainers think this is a good addition to their platforms, I don’t have any objection. > Petre: Do you think it would be worth making this feature play more nicely with the dynamic translation library? I'm thinking providing a counter-API to make tables writable again. So that, every time a dynamic API is needed, since the translation context will be aware of the tables being RO, it first calls a make_tables_writable API before doing whatever it needs to and after it completes (whether successfully or not) calls make_tables_readonly. Essentially, it would act like a wrapper around the dynamic library functions. What do you think of this? Is the disable MMU + cache flush penalty too severe (incurred twice for each dynamic xlat API call)? -----Original Message----- From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> On Behalf Of Raghu Krishnamurthy via TF-A Sent: Monday, February 17, 2020 4:16 PM To: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org Subject: Re: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables External email: Use caution opening links or attachments I think it is worth implementing this to raise the bar for successful attacks. To Varun's point, in today's systems without S-EL2(<v8.4), it would be less effective as pointed out, since EL3 memory can be completely accessed by SEL1 and SEL1 code tends to have a larger code base on mobile devices(OPTEE, tlk etc). However, on systems with very thin SEL1 shims(typically servers), this would definitely raise the bar for attacks, since you effectively only have SEL0 and EL3. SEL1 cannot be exploited practically. For new SoCs with SEL2, this mitigation can still be very effective if we can ensure future SEL2 implementations have much smaller code bases and implements this mitigation itself. Effectively, i view SEL2 and EL3 as being equally privileged(it is no different than SEL1 because SEL2 can barf all over EL3 memory and TZ resources if exploited). SEL2 extensions, however, gives EL3 protection from SEL1 and can prevent SEL1 from accessing ALL TZ resources. If you view SEL2 and EL3 as equally privileged and view both together as a single entity, v8.4 systems effectively have EL3, SEL1, SEL0 AND the ability for EL3 to protect itself and other TZ resources from SEL1. In such a system, EL3(and SEL2) having this mitigation will definitely raise the bar for successful attacks. Also, the cost to implement this mitigation is relatively low for a fairly significant raise in the bar for successful attacks. PS - I say significantly raise the bar since an attacker will potentially require gadgets to modify TTBRx, invalidate TLB's, and enough gadgets in the code base to have a successful attack. If code in TF-A EL3 is fairly small, and code that writes to TTBR_EL3 can be in some section of the image that can be reclaimed/erased after initial setup, the attacker would have no gadget to modify TTBR_EL3, so there would be virtually no way to change TTBR_EL3. On a default build of FVP, there is a grand total of 1 instruction that writes to TTBR0_EL3 in enable_mmu_direct_el3. This might be a nice follow up change to this mitigation, if others think it is worth it. The same could be extended to other system registers that don't ever need to be changed(VBAR_EL3? SCTLR_EL3?). Thanks Raghu On 2/17/20 12:35 PM, Varun Wadekar via TF-A wrote: > Hello Petre, > > Thanks for the patch. Before I review the actual code, would like to understand how effective this patch will be and if you have seen a real world attack that this patch mitigates. > > AFAIU, the ARM architecture provides the TZ bit as the only protection to create "partitions" on a CPU core. So, potentially S-EL1 can access almost all TZ resources that EL3 can access. Thus, creating a silo inside EL3 exception mode is not an effective mitigation against any other TZ component writing to the physical memory where the page tables are stored. For the scope of this attack vector, are we assuming that the system cannot be compromised by attacking other TZ software components in the system? > > I feel until we have a way to distinguish between CPU realms (EL3 v S-EL2 v S-EL1) at the hardware bus level (ARM v9?), these mitigations are not that effective. > > Thoughts? > > -Varun > > -----Original Message----- > From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> On Behalf Of > Petre-Ionut Tudor via TF-A > Sent: Monday, February 17, 2020 9:40 AM > To: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org > Subject: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables > > External email: Use caution opening links or attachments > > > Hello Everyone, > > For quite some time I have been working on a security hardening feature that offers extra protection against tampering with the Secure world translation tables. An example would be using a gadget that can perform writes to arbitrary Secure memory locations to change memory attributes and/or the memory map. > > A real world exploit that uses read/write gadgets to tamper with translation tables can be found here: https://vimeo.com/335948808. If you only want the slide deck, it's available here: https://speakerdeck.com/hhj4ck/el3-tour-get-the-ultimate-privilege-of-andro…. > > A patch implementing this feature has been recently pushed upstream here: https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/3349. It extends v2 of the translation tables library with an API that can be called by a BL image any time after the initialization of the xlat tables to make them read-only. > > It would be great to hear your opinions about this, particularly whether or not it is a desirable feature to have in TF-A and what extra work needs to be done for it to meet the use cases that you consider most relevant. > > Best wishes > Petre > IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. > -- > TF-A mailing list > TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org > https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------------- This email message is for the sole use of the intended > recipient(s) and may contain confidential information. Any > unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. > If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by > reply email and destroy all copies of the original message. > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------------- > -- TF-A mailing list TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a -- TF-A mailing list TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a

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Re: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables

by Varun Wadekar

Hello Petre, Thanks for the patch. Before I review the actual code, would like to understand how effective this patch will be and if you have seen a real world attack that this patch mitigates. AFAIU, the ARM architecture provides the TZ bit as the only protection to create "partitions" on a CPU core. So, potentially S-EL1 can access almost all TZ resources that EL3 can access. Thus, creating a silo inside EL3 exception mode is not an effective mitigation against any other TZ component writing to the physical memory where the page tables are stored. For the scope of this attack vector, are we assuming that the system cannot be compromised by attacking other TZ software components in the system? I feel until we have a way to distinguish between CPU realms (EL3 v S-EL2 v S-EL1) at the hardware bus level (ARM v9?), these mitigations are not that effective. Thoughts? -Varun -----Original Message----- From: TF-A <tf-a-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> On Behalf Of Petre-Ionut Tudor via TF-A Sent: Monday, February 17, 2020 9:40 AM To: tf-a(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org Subject: [TF-A] Protecting Secure World Translation Tables External email: Use caution opening links or attachments Hello Everyone, For quite some time I have been working on a security hardening feature that offers extra protection against tampering with the Secure world translation tables. An example would be using a gadget that can perform writes to arbitrary Secure memory locations to change memory attributes and/or the memory map. A real world exploit that uses read/write gadgets to tamper with translation tables can be found here: https://vimeo.com/335948808. If you only want the slide deck, it's available here: https://speakerdeck.com/hhj4ck/el3-tour-get-the-ultimate-privilege-of-andro…. A patch implementing this feature has been recently pushed upstream here: https://review.trustedfirmware.org/c/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a/+/3349. It extends v2 of the translation tables library with an API that can be called by a BL image any time after the initialization of the xlat tables to make them read-only. It would be great to hear your opinions about this, particularly whether or not it is a desirable feature to have in TF-A and what extra work needs to be done for it to meet the use cases that you consider most relevant. Best wishes Petre IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. -- TF-A mailing list TF-A(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org https://lists.trustedfirmware.org/mailman/listinfo/tf-a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This email message is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply email and destroy all copies of the original message. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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