- mbed-tls - lists.trustedfirmware.org

-0x7180 - SSL - Verification of the message MAC failed

by Михаил Азанов

The SSL server is the one from the examples https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/blob/development/programs/ssl/ssl_server… It is configured on port 8080. The server runs on the linux operating system Linux commands give the following: uname -a Linux termv7 4.15.0-91-generic #92-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 28 11:09:48 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux On the client side, the sim800 module is used. Log files attached to the email. File contents TermV-terminals-server.key: subject=/C=RU/ST=Sample/L=Sample/O=Sample/OU=Sample/CN=localhost issuer=/C=RU/ST=Sample/L=Sample/O=Sample/OU=Sample/CN=Sample -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDTjCCAjYCFBhhDBE3BeiTMD0dzFYOGILO8yq0MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGIx CzAJBgNVBAYTAlJVMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAcMBlNhbXBsZTEP MA0GA1UECgwGU2FtcGxlMQ8wDQYDVQQLDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAMMBlNhbXBs ZTAeFw0yMDAxMTgxODA5MDlaFw0yNDAxMTcxODA5MDlaMGUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlJV MQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAcMBlNhbXBsZTEPMA0GA1UECgwGU2Ft cGxlMQ8wDQYDVQQLDAZTYW1wbGUxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALQSjObDf16fv02qH+3FtI4eX2tPfj+u XsSF8KK6OpcNNfHv17LB9NRUGbZdeikvL5mjB1qd8Qt5YBzSYvvNmuQqn/ZZhEhg 9zqDd+j6dsl03OSW42qSP59M22plqhHZv1ZpkbpHSnEbbwbIVhgx1GuJvMHbQKxw et3UobG9M7q0/6Z2hlvbiuQgZWpc6+vnGGFUzVFjJhsUMgewU1UwTtfahOVegv9v ocuj+AOHzzH2+l72ybpKIFKZ6eXjr3sVp1lIPXm+gUNLqkReNV2QVk4H/j2ow3xu hdHjiPQ+6o6dgbCHeCvbf7Qs35S8YlQH/Mn2bik2NIMKucdq7S35AEsCAwEAATAN BgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAhANjStGtYfPJ2Ibkbn6ct4bWLPe6sFBvbwYow3Fd lBz0oxBukhJDOrPa4OqJDpnWenXkEcUrulI2JG5sIylOg3QlwlmgPoJU9fkpmr+u xNVlTxBSh1BVp0sccC+LxNRyDMl4C89R1TjPpPjoRU4cciY9N0oygPjTj0c26qBU iqwtyJTeeJYJUdplCMvXFOt8deqi/NBpBGnEfo8P/IeM/iCWLD5VtloHX/R0C+au q6803qd1/Gd0pIdsELQKrR6mBz6sWukg2f25GheLQVV7Wz/elZD8MwYwjYLoCtIP 65Ae3Eb6S2KlsVPzMj09u6kQ+KPfZtKu8tiUSc+11hurRw== -----END CERTIFICATE----- File contents TermV-terminals-server.crt: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEvwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKkwggSlAgEAAoIBAQC0Eozmw39en79N qh/txbSOHl9rT34/rl7EhfCiujqXDTXx79eywfTUVBm2XXopLy+ZowdanfELeWAc 0mL7zZrkKp/2WYRIYPc6g3fo+nbJdNzkluNqkj+fTNtqZaoR2b9WaZG6R0pxG28G yFYYMdRribzB20CscHrd1KGxvTO6tP+mdoZb24rkIGVqXOvr5xhhVM1RYyYbFDIH sFNVME7X2oTlXoL/b6HLo/gDh88x9vpe9sm6SiBSmenl4697FadZSD15voFDS6pE XjVdkFZOB/49qMN8boXR44j0PuqOnYGwh3gr23+0LN+UvGJUB/zJ9m4pNjSDCrnH au0t+QBLAgMBAAECggEBAKWbKdpQkSME53sVqqeR26uYY0jdos4OHzm9tMDzZE7m 52XJniXYGsHrVnpRHbginTQ+qtS7zKMwzSO0mTPas0iDqvl0+iNWighWQEETl4tO 3peb7Spltf1bQa9oMDCagU2HaW5Xgi7jfAhQ1l0J9sGvutjOO3xbNaQtmUdNKfXa VRaof94/YKcbTPIn588orxfumgeiYwQ8exhA7yg1WLl2iSy9jj+8WrxaKvy4vR45 nXrb2tXletRoZZY/FC/NZNMgXsGTmYHl6blTEZVz7Zu0XPHKJo42tHnKHW46/ccJ vkXQNjUsu0JN95+lWBA5Yne8xddhiLNKv3DZ3iwXRAECgYEA17YaIbtlgSLd5hJJ OuS9n9XNUCEx1YLhDRzhHggPNTZkVxSnxnWVGpbubtWN/OggRtJyk+mLFV+aHLCa R224ofSPWWE1HtoSdtLcL5oLgp6RDoM61h1p1glFS7BpbYzBegAcbMJa1IvAMspx 5lsYowBUJLNHAEcqUrXzQ88gu2ECgYEA1bRugqLGXqz1E0z6o/MuGXfmJaGQEmJg 833As5jzsyd6pyznsB0TKUAJkcf0RmZrr1EDVigA9aLcwq4qThjGEL2FpGkOvXPC bY0c2pLnsZJetNmXnky/w+W127V+LbDjjQaYl/7c9Fp4hoomoykt7d1YW7lRZ2Le wo8muiGF5ysCgYEAlYHahMysop926tJ7vPzzTMfT4JjRQGnQ79S3VqhBWiFT1GM1 kcDHUkGQCnOrUMHWNSABV/FDe9HiL8Zbd+xdTqsBe/J67eI5b+/fuoJrPeIHKebc rbB/PWD5jWc8+zfWlWdkTCE88RnXYZyc6wryfW9p4nH7YP7yH5eKftIdnqECgYBl aWY33/661uDF8/XM742k0F0K5oxz7PONGNPlZmPfVJDD3G9mB6YcISNpZrXo4pmf bJZkwD8UUeDpEbVJsj/rmcRdrO0twk01p41Vu/jvL0J6F/f3SvyFffC6/nmOPS7+ sW6gUnWQD466abzEGLqO8kcH3/1dTnHfagc6tMXSWQKBgQCZjWzyLtEUxvWI2PSe B6/osxlYDyCkXrJDIT1LuepM/54Kre9YMUy2UZBVC42DR6paEbkAAqHdTsLNlKhV s+6/JGnEDR1e/L7ks0dBY8jow04r0mKG1M91SMLr5OeBTk6SRMnR7GAKewjeLmJD ULgsqyHSTh/4r6tDQ7Gayci2vQ== -----END PRIVATE KEY----- Server sources: #include <stdio.h> /* * SSL server demonstration program * * Copyright The Mbed TLS Contributors * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may * not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ #if !defined(MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE) #include "mbedtls/config.h" #else #include MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE #endif #if defined(MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_C) #include "mbedtls/platform.h" #else #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define mbedtls_time time #define mbedtls_time_t time_t #define mbedtls_fprintf fprintf #define mbedtls_printf printf #define mbedtls_exit exit #define MBEDTLS_EXIT_SUCCESS EXIT_SUCCESS #define MBEDTLS_EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_FAILURE #endif #if !defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_C) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_SRV_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_NET_C) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C) int main( void ) { mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_CERTS_C and/or MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C " "and/or MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_C and/or MBEDTLS_SSL_SRV_C and/or " "MBEDTLS_NET_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or " "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C and/or MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C " "and/or MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C not defined.\n"); mbedtls_exit( 0 ); } #else #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #if defined(_WIN32) #include <windows.h> #endif #include "mbedtls/entropy.h" #include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h" #include "mbedtls/certs.h" #include "mbedtls/x509.h" #include "mbedtls/ssl.h" #include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h" #include "mbedtls/error.h" #include "mbedtls/debug.h" #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_CACHE_C) #include "mbedtls/ssl_cache.h" #endif #define HTTP_RESPONSE \ "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n" \ "<h2>mbed TLS Test Server</h2>\r\n" \ "<p>Successful connection using: %s</p>\r\n" #define DEBUG_LEVEL 5 static void my_debug( void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line, const char *str ) { ((void) level); mbedtls_fprintf( (FILE *) ctx, "%s:%04d: %s", file, line, str ); fflush( (FILE *) ctx ); } int main( void ) { int ret, len; mbedtls_net_context listen_fd, client_fd; unsigned char buf[1024]; const char *pers = "ssl_server"; mbedtls_entropy_context entropy; mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg; mbedtls_ssl_context ssl; mbedtls_ssl_config conf; mbedtls_x509_crt srvcert; mbedtls_pk_context pkey; #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_CACHE_C) mbedtls_ssl_cache_context cache; #endif mbedtls_net_init( &listen_fd ); mbedtls_net_init( &client_fd ); mbedtls_ssl_init( &ssl ); mbedtls_ssl_config_init( &conf ); #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_CACHE_C) mbedtls_ssl_cache_init( &cache ); #endif mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &srvcert ); mbedtls_pk_init( &pkey ); mbedtls_entropy_init( &entropy ); mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init( &ctr_drbg ); #if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C) mbedtls_debug_set_threshold( DEBUG_LEVEL ); #endif /* * 1. Load the certificates and private RSA key */ mbedtls_printf( "\n . Loading the server cert. and key..." ); fflush( stdout ); /* * This demonstration program uses embedded test certificates. * Instead, you may want to use mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file() to read the * server and CA certificates, as well as mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile(). */ ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &srvcert,"/etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.crt"); if( ret != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_x509_crt_parse returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &pkey,"/etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.key", NULL ); if( ret != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_x509_crt_parse returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); /* * 2. Setup the listening TCP socket */ mbedtls_printf( " . Bind on https://localhost:8080/ ..." ); fflush( stdout ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_net_bind( &listen_fd, NULL, "8080", MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP ) ) != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_net_bind returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); /* * 3. Seed the RNG */ mbedtls_printf( " . Seeding the random number generator..." ); fflush( stdout ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed( &ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy, (const unsigned char *) pers, strlen( pers ) ) ) != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed returned %d\n", ret ); goto exit; } mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); /* * 4. Setup stuff */ mbedtls_printf( " . Setting up the SSL data...." ); fflush( stdout ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults( &conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_SERVER, MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM, MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT ) ) != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng( &conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &ctr_drbg ); mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg( &conf, my_debug, stdout ); #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_CACHE_C) mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_cache( &conf, &cache, mbedtls_ssl_cache_get, mbedtls_ssl_cache_set ); #endif mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain( &conf, srvcert.next, NULL ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert( &conf, &srvcert, &pkey ) ) != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup( &ssl, &conf ) ) != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_setup returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); reset: #ifdef MBEDTLS_ERROR_C if( ret != 0 ) { char error_buf[100]; mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_buf, 100 ); mbedtls_printf("Last error was: %d - %s\n\n", ret, error_buf ); } #endif mbedtls_net_free( &client_fd ); mbedtls_ssl_session_reset( &ssl ); /* * 3. Wait until a client connects */ mbedtls_printf( " . Waiting for a remote connection ..." ); fflush( stdout ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_net_accept( &listen_fd, &client_fd, NULL, 0, NULL ) ) != 0 ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_net_accept returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } mbedtls_ssl_set_bio( &ssl, &client_fd, mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv, NULL ); mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); /* * 5. Handshake */ mbedtls_printf( " . Performing the SSL/TLS handshake..." ); fflush( stdout ); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake( &ssl ) ) != 0 ) { if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto reset; } } mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); /* * 6. Read the HTTP Request */ mbedtls_printf( " < Read from client:" ); fflush( stdout ); do { len = sizeof( buf ) - 1; memset( buf, 0, sizeof( buf ) ); ret = mbedtls_ssl_read( &ssl, buf, len ); if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ || ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) continue; if( ret <= 0 ) { switch( ret ) { case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_PEER_CLOSE_NOTIFY: mbedtls_printf( " connection was closed gracefully\n" ); break; case MBEDTLS_ERR_NET_CONN_RESET: mbedtls_printf( " connection was reset by peer\n" ); break; default: mbedtls_printf( " mbedtls_ssl_read returned -0x%x\n", (unsigned int) -ret ); break; } break; } len = ret; mbedtls_printf( " %d bytes read\n\n%s", len, (char *) buf ); if( ret > 0 ) break; } while( 1 ); /* * 7. Write the 200 Response */ mbedtls_printf( " > Write to client:" ); fflush( stdout ); len = sprintf( (char *) buf, HTTP_RESPONSE, mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite( &ssl ) ); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_write( &ssl, buf, len ) ) <= 0 ) { if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_NET_CONN_RESET ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! peer closed the connection\n\n" ); goto reset; } if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_write returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto exit; } } len = ret; mbedtls_printf( " %d bytes written\n\n%s\n", len, (char *) buf ); mbedtls_printf( " . Closing the connection..." ); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_close_notify( &ssl ) ) < 0 ) { if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { mbedtls_printf( " failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_close_notify returned %d\n\n", ret ); goto reset; } } mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" ); ret = 0; goto reset; exit: #ifdef MBEDTLS_ERROR_C if( ret != 0 ) { char error_buf[100]; mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_buf, 100 ); mbedtls_printf("Last error was: %d - %s\n\n", ret, error_buf ); } #endif mbedtls_net_free( &client_fd ); mbedtls_net_free( &listen_fd ); mbedtls_x509_crt_free( &srvcert ); mbedtls_pk_free( &pkey ); mbedtls_ssl_free( &ssl ); mbedtls_ssl_config_free( &conf ); #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_CACHE_C) mbedtls_ssl_cache_free( &cache ); #endif mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free( &ctr_drbg ); mbedtls_entropy_free( &entropy ); #if defined(_WIN32) mbedtls_printf( " Press Enter to exit this program.\n" ); fflush( stdout ); getchar(); #endif mbedtls_exit( ret ); } #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_CERTS_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_C && MBEDTLS_SSL_SRV_C && MBEDTLS_NET_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C && MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO && MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */ Regards, Michael.

4 years, 5 months

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Re: [mbed-tls] -0x7180 - SSL - Verification of the message MAC failed

by Manuel Pegourie-Gonnard

Hi Michael, I'm not sure I understand what library/program you're using on each side: you posted the source code of a server based on Mbed TLS, and an invocation of openssl as a server - 2 servers and no client, surely that's not your entire setup. Also, even with the full details, this is a considerable amount of things to go over, so instead of trying to pinpoint the issue, I'd like to suggest a strategy that would help you debug things. For the side of the connection that's based on Mbed TLS, I suggest you start with one of the example programs located in programs/ssl? in our source tree. Hopefully those should work. If they don't, please come back to us with details on how you're invoking them and what's on the other side. If they work, I suggest you gradually modify them to adapt them to your needs, and after each change check if things still work. That way, if things break at one point, it should be easier to pinpoint the source of the issue. Hope that will help! Regards, Manuel. PS: I had a quick look at the logs, and I'm not sure what software is on the client side, but its ClientHello.random doesn't look random. Also, the location of the errors suggests the the client and server didn't compute the same session keys - so something probably went wrong computing the pre-master secret or deriving the master secret and session keys from it. ________________________________ From: mbed-tls <mbed-tls-bounces(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> on behalf of Михаил Азанов via mbed-tls <mbed-tls(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> Sent: 21 November 2020 05:17 To: mbed-tls(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org <mbed-tls(a)lists.trustedfirmware.org> Subject: [mbed-tls] -0x7180 - SSL - Verification of the message MAC failed Clients connect to my server over SSL and an error "-0x7180 - SSL - Verification of the message MAC failed" occurs when creating a secure connection. Linux commands give the following: uname -a Linux termv7 4.15.0-91-generic #92-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 28 11:09:48 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux openssl s_server -key /etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.key -cert /etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.crt -accept 8080 -state Using default temp DH parameters ACCEPT SSL_accept:before SSL initialization SSL_accept:before SSL initialization SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read client hello SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write server hello SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write certificate SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write server done SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write server done SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read client key exchange SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read change cipher spec SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read finished SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write change cipher spec SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write finished -----BEGIN SSL SESSION PARAMETERS----- MHUCAQECAgMBBAIALwQgNbcRsh26hMujwXcoa5ZlBGihMY+GFhkTscR4Ds8fppwE MHAJs/h2ldK+C7Sm2fpNGbzYMycfUPGq4Ydg9PtnHPt1Mn9eH68tnQsT2nuTwGRq zqEGAgRftlMXogQCAhwgpAYEBAEAAAA= -----END SSL SESSION PARAMETERS----- Shared ciphers:AES128-SHA --- No server certificate CA names sent CIPHER is AES128-SHA Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Source content: File contents TermV-terminals-server.key: subject=/C=RU/ST=Sample/L=Sample/O=Sample/OU=Sample/CN=localhost issuer=/C=RU/ST=Sample/L=Sample/O=Sample/OU=Sample/CN=Sample -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDTjCCAjYCFBhhDBE3BeiTMD0dzFYOGILO8yq0MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGIx CzAJBgNVBAYTAlJVMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAcMBlNhbXBsZTEP MA0GA1UECgwGU2FtcGxlMQ8wDQYDVQQLDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAMMBlNhbXBs ZTAeFw0yMDAxMTgxODA5MDlaFw0yNDAxMTcxODA5MDlaMGUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlJV MQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAcMBlNhbXBsZTEPMA0GA1UECgwGU2Ft cGxlMQ8wDQYDVQQLDAZTYW1wbGUxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALQSjObDf16fv02qH+3FtI4eX2tPfj+u XsSF8KK6OpcNNfHv17LB9NRUGbZdeikvL5mjB1qd8Qt5YBzSYvvNmuQqn/ZZhEhg 9zqDd+j6dsl03OSW42qSP59M22plqhHZv1ZpkbpHSnEbbwbIVhgx1GuJvMHbQKxw et3UobG9M7q0/6Z2hlvbiuQgZWpc6+vnGGFUzVFjJhsUMgewU1UwTtfahOVegv9v ocuj+AOHzzH2+l72ybpKIFKZ6eXjr3sVp1lIPXm+gUNLqkReNV2QVk4H/j2ow3xu hdHjiPQ+6o6dgbCHeCvbf7Qs35S8YlQH/Mn2bik2NIMKucdq7S35AEsCAwEAATAN BgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAhANjStGtYfPJ2Ibkbn6ct4bWLPe6sFBvbwYow3Fd lBz0oxBukhJDOrPa4OqJDpnWenXkEcUrulI2JG5sIylOg3QlwlmgPoJU9fkpmr+u xNVlTxBSh1BVp0sccC+LxNRyDMl4C89R1TjPpPjoRU4cciY9N0oygPjTj0c26qBU iqwtyJTeeJYJUdplCMvXFOt8deqi/NBpBGnEfo8P/IeM/iCWLD5VtloHX/R0C+au q6803qd1/Gd0pIdsELQKrR6mBz6sWukg2f25GheLQVV7Wz/elZD8MwYwjYLoCtIP 65Ae3Eb6S2KlsVPzMj09u6kQ+KPfZtKu8tiUSc+11hurRw== -----END CERTIFICATE----- File contents TermV-terminals-server.crt: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEvwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKkwggSlAgEAAoIBAQC0Eozmw39en79N qh/txbSOHl9rT34/rl7EhfCiujqXDTXx79eywfTUVBm2XXopLy+ZowdanfELeWAc 0mL7zZrkKp/2WYRIYPc6g3fo+nbJdNzkluNqkj+fTNtqZaoR2b9WaZG6R0pxG28G yFYYMdRribzB20CscHrd1KGxvTO6tP+mdoZb24rkIGVqXOvr5xhhVM1RYyYbFDIH sFNVME7X2oTlXoL/b6HLo/gDh88x9vpe9sm6SiBSmenl4697FadZSD15voFDS6pE XjVdkFZOB/49qMN8boXR44j0PuqOnYGwh3gr23+0LN+UvGJUB/zJ9m4pNjSDCrnH au0t+QBLAgMBAAECggEBAKWbKdpQkSME53sVqqeR26uYY0jdos4OHzm9tMDzZE7m 52XJniXYGsHrVnpRHbginTQ+qtS7zKMwzSO0mTPas0iDqvl0+iNWighWQEETl4tO 3peb7Spltf1bQa9oMDCagU2HaW5Xgi7jfAhQ1l0J9sGvutjOO3xbNaQtmUdNKfXa VRaof94/YKcbTPIn588orxfumgeiYwQ8exhA7yg1WLl2iSy9jj+8WrxaKvy4vR45 nXrb2tXletRoZZY/FC/NZNMgXsGTmYHl6blTEZVz7Zu0XPHKJo42tHnKHW46/ccJ vkXQNjUsu0JN95+lWBA5Yne8xddhiLNKv3DZ3iwXRAECgYEA17YaIbtlgSLd5hJJ OuS9n9XNUCEx1YLhDRzhHggPNTZkVxSnxnWVGpbubtWN/OggRtJyk+mLFV+aHLCa R224ofSPWWE1HtoSdtLcL5oLgp6RDoM61h1p1glFS7BpbYzBegAcbMJa1IvAMspx 5lsYowBUJLNHAEcqUrXzQ88gu2ECgYEA1bRugqLGXqz1E0z6o/MuGXfmJaGQEmJg 833As5jzsyd6pyznsB0TKUAJkcf0RmZrr1EDVigA9aLcwq4qThjGEL2FpGkOvXPC bY0c2pLnsZJetNmXnky/w+W127V+LbDjjQaYl/7c9Fp4hoomoykt7d1YW7lRZ2Le wo8muiGF5ysCgYEAlYHahMysop926tJ7vPzzTMfT4JjRQGnQ79S3VqhBWiFT1GM1 kcDHUkGQCnOrUMHWNSABV/FDe9HiL8Zbd+xdTqsBe/J67eI5b+/fuoJrPeIHKebc rbB/PWD5jWc8+zfWlWdkTCE88RnXYZyc6wryfW9p4nH7YP7yH5eKftIdnqECgYBl aWY33/661uDF8/XM742k0F0K5oxz7PONGNPlZmPfVJDD3G9mB6YcISNpZrXo4pmf bJZkwD8UUeDpEbVJsj/rmcRdrO0twk01p41Vu/jvL0J6F/f3SvyFffC6/nmOPS7+ sW6gUnWQD466abzEGLqO8kcH3/1dTnHfagc6tMXSWQKBgQCZjWzyLtEUxvWI2PSe B6/osxlYDyCkXrJDIT1LuepM/54Kre9YMUy2UZBVC42DR6paEbkAAqHdTsLNlKhV s+6/JGnEDR1e/L7ks0dBY8jow04r0mKG1M91SMLr5OeBTk6SRMnR7GAKewjeLmJD ULgsqyHSTh/4r6tDQ7Gayci2vQ== -----END PRIVATE KEY----- File contents ssl_server.h: #ifndef SSL_SERVER_H #define SSL_SERVER_H #define DEBUG_LEVEL 5 #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 #include "mbedtls/debug.h" #endif //#define MBEDTLS_SSL_CIPHERSUITES MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 #include "mbedtls/entropy.h" #include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h" #include "mbedtls/certs.h" #include "mbedtls/x509.h" #include "mbedtls/ssl.h" #include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h" #include "mbedtls/error.h" #include "mbedtls/ssl_cache.h" #include "packet_handler/packet_handler.h" #include "thread_pool_ssl.h" #include "queue_ssl.h" extern pthread_mutex_t listen_fd1_mutex; extern mbedtls_net_context listen_fd1; extern void* runSSLServer(void *arg); #endif // SSL_SERVER_H File contents ssl_server.c: #include "ssl_server.h" mbedtls_net_context listen_fd1; pthread_mutex_t listen_fd1_mutex=PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; static mbedtls_ssl_config *config; #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 static void my_debug( void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line, const char *str ) { ((void) level); char s[1000]; snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"%s:%04d: %s", file, line, str ); trace(s); } #endif void * runSSLServer(void *arg) { (void)(arg); int ret; char s[100]; int n = atoi(config_list[SSL_SERVER_NUM_THREADS].value); createThreadPoolSSLArray(n); mbedtls_net_context listen_fd, client_socket_ssl; const char pers[] = "ssl_pthread_server"; mbedtls_entropy_context entropy; mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg; mbedtls_ssl_config conf; mbedtls_x509_crt srvcert; mbedtls_x509_crt cachain; mbedtls_pk_context pkey; mbedtls_ssl_cache_context cache; mbedtls_ssl_cache_init( &cache ); mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &srvcert ); mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &cachain ); mbedtls_ssl_config_init( &conf ); mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init( &ctr_drbg ); mbedtls_net_init( &listen_fd ); mbedtls_net_init( &client_socket_ssl ); config = &conf; /* * We use only a single entropy source that is used in all the threads. */ mbedtls_entropy_init( &entropy ); #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(DEBUG_LEVEL); #endif /* * 1. Load the certificates and private RSA key */ trace( "[SSL Server] Loading the server cert. and key..." ); ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &srvcert,"/etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.crt"); if( ret != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } mbedtls_pk_init( &pkey ); ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &pkey,"/etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.key" , NULL ); if( ret != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); /* * 1b. Seed the random number generator */ trace( "Seeding the random number generator..." ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed( &ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy, (const unsigned char *) pers, strlen( pers ) ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed: mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed returned -0x%04x\n", -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); /* * 1c. Prepare SSL configuration */ trace( "[SSL Server] Setting up the SSL data...." ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults( &conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_SERVER, MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM, MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed: mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults returned -0x%04x\n", -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng( &conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &ctr_drbg ); #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg( &conf, my_debug, NULL ); #endif /* mbedtls_ssl_cache_get() and mbedtls_ssl_cache_set() are thread-safe if * MBEDTLS_THREADING_C is set. */ mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_cache( &conf, &cache, mbedtls_ssl_cache_get, mbedtls_ssl_cache_set ); mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain( &conf, &cachain, NULL ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert( &conf, &srvcert, &pkey ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); /* * 2. Setup the listening TCP socket */ snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] Bind on localhost: %s ...","8080"); trace(s); fflush( stdout ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_net_bind( &listen_fd, NULL, "8080", MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_net_bind returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); pthread_mutex_lock(&listen_fd1_mutex); listen_fd1 = listen_fd; pthread_mutex_unlock(&listen_fd1_mutex); while(true) { //reset: if(ret!=0) { char error_buf[100]; mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_buf, 100 ); snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] Last error was: -0x%04x - %s\n", -ret, error_buf ); trace(s); } /* * 3. Wait until a client connects */ trace( "[SSL Server] Waiting for a remote connection\n" ); int ret =mbedtls_net_accept(&listen_fd,&client_socket_ssl,NULL,0,NULL); if(ret != 0) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL Server] failed: mbedtls_net_accept returned -0x%04x\n", ret); trace(s); break; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); //do whatever we do with connections. //put the connection somewhere so that an available thread //can find it. mbedtls_net_context *pclient = malloc(sizeof(mbedtls_net_context)); *pclient = client_socket_ssl; pthread_mutex_lock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); enqueue_ssl(pclient); pthread_cond_signal(&condition_var_ssl); pthread_mutex_unlock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); ret = 0; } thread_exit: mbedtls_x509_crt_free( &srvcert ); mbedtls_pk_free( &pkey ); mbedtls_ssl_cache_free( &cache ); mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free( &ctr_drbg ); mbedtls_entropy_free( &entropy ); mbedtls_ssl_config_free( &conf ); mbedtls_net_free( &listen_fd ); deleteThreadPoolSSLArray(); return NULL; } static void *handleConnectionSSL(mbedtls_net_context *p_net_context) { int ret, len; char s[100]; struct packet_handler handler={}; handler.net_context = *p_net_context; free(p_net_context);// we really don't need this anymore unsigned char buf[1024]; /* Make sure memory references are valid */ mbedtls_ssl_init( &handler.ssl ); snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] Setting up SSL/TLS data\n", handler.net_context.fd ); trace(s); /* * 4. Get the SSL context ready */ if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup( &handler.ssl, config ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] failed: mbedtls_ssl_setup returned -0x%04x\n",handler.net_context.fd, -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } mbedtls_ssl_set_bio( &handler.ssl, (mbedtls_net_context*)&handler.net_context, mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv, NULL ); /* * 5. Handshake */ snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] Performing the SSL/TLS handshake\n", handler.net_context.fd); trace(s); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake( &handler.ssl ) ) != 0 ) { if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] failed: mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x%04x\n", handler.net_context.fd, -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } } snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] ok\n", handler.net_context.fd ); trace(s); ret = runPacketHandler(&handler); snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL client_socket=%d] . Closing the connection...", handler.net_context.fd ); trace(s); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_close_notify( &handler.ssl ) ) < 0 ) { if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL client_socket=%d] failed: mbedtls_ssl_close_notify returned -0x%04x\n", handler.net_context.fd, ret); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } } trace( " ok\n" ); ret = 0; thread_exit: if( ret != 0 ) { char error_buf[100]; mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_buf, 100 ); snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL client_socket=%d] Last error was: -0x%04x - %s\n\n", handler.net_context.fd, -ret, error_buf ); trace(s); } mbedtls_net_free((mbedtls_net_context*)&handler.net_context); mbedtls_ssl_free(&handler.ssl); return NULL; } void *threadFunctionSSL(void *arg) { (void)(arg); while(true) { mbedtls_net_context *pclient; pthread_mutex_lock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); if((pclient=dequeue_ssl())==NULL) { pthread_cond_wait((pthread_cond_t *)&pclient,&client_socket_ssl_mutex); //try again pclient = dequeue_ssl(); } pthread_mutex_unlock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); if(pclient!=NULL) { //we have a connection handleConnectionSSL(pclient); } } } File contents thread_pool_ssl.h: #ifndef SSL_THREAD_POOL_H #define SSL_THREAD_POOL_H #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <pthread.h> #include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h" extern pthread_t *thread_pool_ssl; extern pthread_mutex_t client_socket_ssl_mutex; extern pthread_cond_t condition_var_ssl; void createThreadPoolSSLArray(int n); void deleteThreadPoolSSLArray(); extern void *handleSSLConnection(int* p_client_socket); extern void *threadFunctionSSL(void *arg); #endif // SSL_THREAD_POOL_H File contents thread_pool_ssl.c: #include "thread_pool_ssl.h" pthread_t *thread_pool_ssl=NULL; pthread_mutex_t client_socket_ssl_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; pthread_cond_t condition_var_ssl = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; void *threadFunctionSSL(void *arg); void createThreadPoolSSLArray(int n) { thread_pool_ssl = (pthread_t*)malloc(n); //first off create a bunch of threads to handle future connections for(int i=0; i<n;i++) { pthread_create(&thread_pool_ssl[i],NULL,threadFunctionSSL,NULL); } } void deleteThreadPoolSSLArray() { free(thread_pool_ssl); } File contents main.c: #include <stdio.h> #include "log.h" #include "ssl_server.h" #include <signal.h> void catchSigterm(); void catchSigint(); void runPortListening(); int main() { catchSigterm(); catchSigint(); runPortListening(); return 0; } void runPortListening() { trace("Starting port listening..."); pthread_t handleID; pthread_create(&handleID,NULL,runSSLServer,NULL); trace("Port listening started."); pthread_join(handleID,NULL); trace("Port listening complete."); } void closeServer() { trace("Shutdown SSL Server..."); pthread_mutex_lock(&listen_fd1_mutex); mbedtls_net_free(&listen_fd1); pthread_mutex_unlock(&listen_fd1_mutex); } void sigTermHandler(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ptr) { (void)signum; (void)info; (void)ptr; closeServer(); } void catchSigterm() { static struct sigaction _sigact; memset(&_sigact, 0, sizeof(_sigact)); _sigact.sa_sigaction = sigTermHandler; _sigact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; sigaction(SIGTERM, &_sigact, NULL); } void sigIntHandler(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ptr) { (void)signum; (void)info; (void)ptr; closeServer(); } void catchSigint() { static struct sigaction _sigact; memset(&_sigact, 0, sizeof(_sigact)); _sigact.sa_sigaction = sigIntHandler; _sigact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; sigaction(SIGINT, &_sigact, NULL); } Log files attached to the email. Regards, Michael.

4 years, 5 months

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Re: [mbed-tls] Provide a crypto utility to verify mbedtls quickly

by Sawyer Liu

Hello everyone, Due to the pic link, cannot download the tool. I attach the link again. http://esctech.cn/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Crypto%20UtilityV2.0.zip Best Regards Sawyer Liu

4 years, 5 months

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Provide a crypto utility to verify mbedtls quickly

by Sawyer Liu

Hello everyone, I found many people need to verify the result of mbedtls, so I can provide a tool to help more people to verify their own code quickly. See http://esctech.cn/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Crypto%20UtilityV2.0.zip<https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fesctech.cn…>. [cid:image001.jpg@01D6C1C0.7C525360] Best Regards Sawyer Liu

4 years, 5 months

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Re: [mbed-tls] Invalid ECDSA signature created

by Gilles Peskine

Hi Roshini, Mathematically, an ES256 (ECDSA over the curve P256R1) signature is a pair of numbers (r,s) between 1 and an upper bound which is very slightly less than 2^256. There are two common representations for this signature. JWA uses the “raw” representation: two big-endian numbers represented each with exactly 32 bytes, concatenated together. mbedtls_ecdsa_write_signature uses the ASN.1 DER representation, which as you noticed represents each number in a type+length+value format. The DER format removes leading zeros from the number, then adds a leading 0 bit to each number which is a sign bit (the numbers in an ECDSA signature are always positive, but DER can also represent negative numbers). Therefore each number has a roughly 1/2 chance of using 33 value bytes with a leading 0 byte (1 sign bit + 7 value bits, all 0), a 63/128 chance of using 32 value bytes, and a 1/128 chance of using 31 value bytes or less because the 7 most significant bits of the number were 0. A shorter number in an ECDSA signature is not invalid, it's a 1/128 chance (independently for each of r and s). To get the signature in raw format with Mbed TLS, the easiest way is to use the PSA API, where the output of psa_sign_hash() for ECDSA is the raw format. With the classic Mbed TLS API, the easiest way is to call mbedtls_ecdsa_sign() or mbedtls_ecdsa_sign_det_ext() to get r and s as bignums, then use mbedtls_mpi_write_binary() to write r and s with their exact size into the output buffer. You can find an example in the internal function psa_ecdsa_sign(): https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/blob/mbedtls-2.24.0/library/psa_crypto.c… Hope this helps, -- Gilles Peskine Mbed TLS developer On 22/11/2020 10:12, ROSHINI DEVI via mbed-tls wrote: > Hello all, > > I need to sign the message using ES256 algorithm. After doing > necessary initializations, I called API > - mbedtls_ecdsa_write_signature() API and it gave me signature in ASN1 > encoded form and there was no error generated by this API. > After getting the signature, I need the r & s values to create JWT > Token. So, I wrote my custom function to parse the signature buffer > and get the R & S values of it. > It was working fine. Sometimes, I am getting an invalid signature as > shown below signature DER buffer - > > 30 43 02 1f 31 92 8d 22 10 41 86 25 68 7f 42 81 26 0f 37 bc 7f 38 b7 > d5 1a 6b 69 31 07 34 11 a6 04 e5 90 02 20 23 26 f8 b9 80 cf 2c 25 c8 > 04 b4 ac 43 51 6a 04 a6 af 8f 94 36 f8 cf 35 c2 94 cc df de db 92 b2 > > The reason for invalid is - > 1st byte represents ASN1 sequence, followed by length and 3rd byter > indicates it is an integer. > Ideally, 4th byte indicates length of r-value, it should have been 32 > or 33 bytes ( in case of padding with 00 ). You can see in the above > buffer it is 0x1F ( 31 bytes ). It is really weird how it is possible > to get the signature length of 31 bytes. > > It is blocking me for generation of JWT token, where in RFC 7518 > - https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#page-9 , it says R & S must be > 32 bytes long. And, the generation is failing. > > It is of high priority for me. If anyone can provide your suggestions > on this issue, it would be really great. Thanks in advance > > Thanks, > Roshini >

4 years, 5 months

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Invalid ECDSA signature created

by ROSHINI DEVI

Hello all, I need to sign the message using ES256 algorithm. After doing necessary initializations, I called API - mbedtls_ecdsa_write_signature() API and it gave me signature in ASN1 encoded form and there was no error generated by this API. After getting the signature, I need the r & s values to create JWT Token. So, I wrote my custom function to parse the signature buffer and get the R & S values of it. It was working fine. Sometimes, I am getting an invalid signature as shown below signature DER buffer - 30 43 02 1f 31 92 8d 22 10 41 86 25 68 7f 42 81 26 0f 37 bc 7f 38 b7 d5 1a 6b 69 31 07 34 11 a6 04 e5 90 02 20 23 26 f8 b9 80 cf 2c 25 c8 04 b4 ac 43 51 6a 04 a6 af 8f 94 36 f8 cf 35 c2 94 cc df de db 92 b2 The reason for invalid is - 1st byte represents ASN1 sequence, followed by length and 3rd byter indicates it is an integer. Ideally, 4th byte indicates length of r-value, it should have been 32 or 33 bytes ( in case of padding with 00 ). You can see in the above buffer it is 0x1F ( 31 bytes ). It is really weird how it is possible to get the signature length of 31 bytes. It is blocking me for generation of JWT token, where in RFC 7518 - https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#page-9 , it says R & S must be 32 bytes long. And, the generation is failing. It is of high priority for me. If anyone can provide your suggestions on this issue, it would be really great. Thanks in advance Thanks, Roshini

4 years, 5 months

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-0x7180 - SSL - Verification of the message MAC failed

by Михаил Азанов

Clients connect to my server over SSL and an error "-0x7180 - SSL - Verification of the message MAC failed" occurs when creating a secure connection. Linux commands give the following: uname -a Linux termv7 4.15.0-91-generic #92-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 28 11:09:48 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux openssl s_server -key /etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.key -cert /etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.crt -accept 8080 -state Using default temp DH parameters ACCEPT SSL_accept:before SSL initialization SSL_accept:before SSL initialization SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read client hello SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write server hello SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write certificate SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write server done SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write server done SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read client key exchange SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read change cipher spec SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS read finished SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write change cipher spec SSL_accept:SSLv3/TLS write finished -----BEGIN SSL SESSION PARAMETERS----- MHUCAQECAgMBBAIALwQgNbcRsh26hMujwXcoa5ZlBGihMY+GFhkTscR4Ds8fppwE MHAJs/h2ldK+C7Sm2fpNGbzYMycfUPGq4Ydg9PtnHPt1Mn9eH68tnQsT2nuTwGRq zqEGAgRftlMXogQCAhwgpAYEBAEAAAA= -----END SSL SESSION PARAMETERS----- Shared ciphers:AES128-SHA --- No server certificate CA names sent CIPHER is AES128-SHA Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Source content: File contents TermV-terminals-server.key: subject=/C=RU/ST=Sample/L=Sample/O=Sample/OU=Sample/CN=localhost issuer=/C=RU/ST=Sample/L=Sample/O=Sample/OU=Sample/CN=Sample -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDTjCCAjYCFBhhDBE3BeiTMD0dzFYOGILO8yq0MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGIx CzAJBgNVBAYTAlJVMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAcMBlNhbXBsZTEP MA0GA1UECgwGU2FtcGxlMQ8wDQYDVQQLDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAMMBlNhbXBs ZTAeFw0yMDAxMTgxODA5MDlaFw0yNDAxMTcxODA5MDlaMGUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlJV MQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZTYW1wbGUxDzANBgNVBAcMBlNhbXBsZTEPMA0GA1UECgwGU2Ft cGxlMQ8wDQYDVQQLDAZTYW1wbGUxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALQSjObDf16fv02qH+3FtI4eX2tPfj+u XsSF8KK6OpcNNfHv17LB9NRUGbZdeikvL5mjB1qd8Qt5YBzSYvvNmuQqn/ZZhEhg 9zqDd+j6dsl03OSW42qSP59M22plqhHZv1ZpkbpHSnEbbwbIVhgx1GuJvMHbQKxw et3UobG9M7q0/6Z2hlvbiuQgZWpc6+vnGGFUzVFjJhsUMgewU1UwTtfahOVegv9v ocuj+AOHzzH2+l72ybpKIFKZ6eXjr3sVp1lIPXm+gUNLqkReNV2QVk4H/j2ow3xu hdHjiPQ+6o6dgbCHeCvbf7Qs35S8YlQH/Mn2bik2NIMKucdq7S35AEsCAwEAATAN BgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAhANjStGtYfPJ2Ibkbn6ct4bWLPe6sFBvbwYow3Fd lBz0oxBukhJDOrPa4OqJDpnWenXkEcUrulI2JG5sIylOg3QlwlmgPoJU9fkpmr+u xNVlTxBSh1BVp0sccC+LxNRyDMl4C89R1TjPpPjoRU4cciY9N0oygPjTj0c26qBU iqwtyJTeeJYJUdplCMvXFOt8deqi/NBpBGnEfo8P/IeM/iCWLD5VtloHX/R0C+au q6803qd1/Gd0pIdsELQKrR6mBz6sWukg2f25GheLQVV7Wz/elZD8MwYwjYLoCtIP 65Ae3Eb6S2KlsVPzMj09u6kQ+KPfZtKu8tiUSc+11hurRw== -----END CERTIFICATE----- File contents TermV-terminals-server.crt: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEvwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKkwggSlAgEAAoIBAQC0Eozmw39en79N qh/txbSOHl9rT34/rl7EhfCiujqXDTXx79eywfTUVBm2XXopLy+ZowdanfELeWAc 0mL7zZrkKp/2WYRIYPc6g3fo+nbJdNzkluNqkj+fTNtqZaoR2b9WaZG6R0pxG28G yFYYMdRribzB20CscHrd1KGxvTO6tP+mdoZb24rkIGVqXOvr5xhhVM1RYyYbFDIH sFNVME7X2oTlXoL/b6HLo/gDh88x9vpe9sm6SiBSmenl4697FadZSD15voFDS6pE XjVdkFZOB/49qMN8boXR44j0PuqOnYGwh3gr23+0LN+UvGJUB/zJ9m4pNjSDCrnH au0t+QBLAgMBAAECggEBAKWbKdpQkSME53sVqqeR26uYY0jdos4OHzm9tMDzZE7m 52XJniXYGsHrVnpRHbginTQ+qtS7zKMwzSO0mTPas0iDqvl0+iNWighWQEETl4tO 3peb7Spltf1bQa9oMDCagU2HaW5Xgi7jfAhQ1l0J9sGvutjOO3xbNaQtmUdNKfXa VRaof94/YKcbTPIn588orxfumgeiYwQ8exhA7yg1WLl2iSy9jj+8WrxaKvy4vR45 nXrb2tXletRoZZY/FC/NZNMgXsGTmYHl6blTEZVz7Zu0XPHKJo42tHnKHW46/ccJ vkXQNjUsu0JN95+lWBA5Yne8xddhiLNKv3DZ3iwXRAECgYEA17YaIbtlgSLd5hJJ OuS9n9XNUCEx1YLhDRzhHggPNTZkVxSnxnWVGpbubtWN/OggRtJyk+mLFV+aHLCa R224ofSPWWE1HtoSdtLcL5oLgp6RDoM61h1p1glFS7BpbYzBegAcbMJa1IvAMspx 5lsYowBUJLNHAEcqUrXzQ88gu2ECgYEA1bRugqLGXqz1E0z6o/MuGXfmJaGQEmJg 833As5jzsyd6pyznsB0TKUAJkcf0RmZrr1EDVigA9aLcwq4qThjGEL2FpGkOvXPC bY0c2pLnsZJetNmXnky/w+W127V+LbDjjQaYl/7c9Fp4hoomoykt7d1YW7lRZ2Le wo8muiGF5ysCgYEAlYHahMysop926tJ7vPzzTMfT4JjRQGnQ79S3VqhBWiFT1GM1 kcDHUkGQCnOrUMHWNSABV/FDe9HiL8Zbd+xdTqsBe/J67eI5b+/fuoJrPeIHKebc rbB/PWD5jWc8+zfWlWdkTCE88RnXYZyc6wryfW9p4nH7YP7yH5eKftIdnqECgYBl aWY33/661uDF8/XM742k0F0K5oxz7PONGNPlZmPfVJDD3G9mB6YcISNpZrXo4pmf bJZkwD8UUeDpEbVJsj/rmcRdrO0twk01p41Vu/jvL0J6F/f3SvyFffC6/nmOPS7+ sW6gUnWQD466abzEGLqO8kcH3/1dTnHfagc6tMXSWQKBgQCZjWzyLtEUxvWI2PSe B6/osxlYDyCkXrJDIT1LuepM/54Kre9YMUy2UZBVC42DR6paEbkAAqHdTsLNlKhV s+6/JGnEDR1e/L7ks0dBY8jow04r0mKG1M91SMLr5OeBTk6SRMnR7GAKewjeLmJD ULgsqyHSTh/4r6tDQ7Gayci2vQ== -----END PRIVATE KEY----- File contents ssl_server.h: #ifndef SSL_SERVER_H #define SSL_SERVER_H #define DEBUG_LEVEL 5 #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 #include "mbedtls/debug.h" #endif //#define MBEDTLS_SSL_CIPHERSUITES MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 #include "mbedtls/entropy.h" #include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h" #include "mbedtls/certs.h" #include "mbedtls/x509.h" #include "mbedtls/ssl.h" #include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h" #include "mbedtls/error.h" #include "mbedtls/ssl_cache.h" #include "packet_handler/packet_handler.h" #include "thread_pool_ssl.h" #include "queue_ssl.h" extern pthread_mutex_t listen_fd1_mutex; extern mbedtls_net_context listen_fd1; extern void* runSSLServer(void *arg); #endif // SSL_SERVER_H File contents ssl_server.c: #include "ssl_server.h" mbedtls_net_context listen_fd1; pthread_mutex_t listen_fd1_mutex=PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; static mbedtls_ssl_config *config; #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 static void my_debug( void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line, const char *str ) { ((void) level); char s[1000]; snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"%s:%04d: %s", file, line, str ); trace(s); } #endif void * runSSLServer(void *arg) { (void)(arg); int ret; char s[100]; int n = atoi(config_list[SSL_SERVER_NUM_THREADS].value); createThreadPoolSSLArray(n); mbedtls_net_context listen_fd, client_socket_ssl; const char pers[] = "ssl_pthread_server"; mbedtls_entropy_context entropy; mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg; mbedtls_ssl_config conf; mbedtls_x509_crt srvcert; mbedtls_x509_crt cachain; mbedtls_pk_context pkey; mbedtls_ssl_cache_context cache; mbedtls_ssl_cache_init( &cache ); mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &srvcert ); mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &cachain ); mbedtls_ssl_config_init( &conf ); mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init( &ctr_drbg ); mbedtls_net_init( &listen_fd ); mbedtls_net_init( &client_socket_ssl ); config = &conf; /* * We use only a single entropy source that is used in all the threads. */ mbedtls_entropy_init( &entropy ); #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(DEBUG_LEVEL); #endif /* * 1. Load the certificates and private RSA key */ trace( "[SSL Server] Loading the server cert. and key..." ); ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &srvcert,"/etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.crt"); if( ret != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } mbedtls_pk_init( &pkey ); ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &pkey,"/etc/minpay/cert/TermV-terminals-server.key" , NULL ); if( ret != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); /* * 1b. Seed the random number generator */ trace( "Seeding the random number generator..." ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed( &ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy, (const unsigned char *) pers, strlen( pers ) ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed: mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed returned -0x%04x\n", -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); /* * 1c. Prepare SSL configuration */ trace( "[SSL Server] Setting up the SSL data...." ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults( &conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_SERVER, MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM, MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed: mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults returned -0x%04x\n", -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng( &conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &ctr_drbg ); #if DEBUG_LEVEL > 0 mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg( &conf, my_debug, NULL ); #endif /* mbedtls_ssl_cache_get() and mbedtls_ssl_cache_set() are thread-safe if * MBEDTLS_THREADING_C is set. */ mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_cache( &conf, &cache, mbedtls_ssl_cache_get, mbedtls_ssl_cache_set ); mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain( &conf, &cachain, NULL ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert( &conf, &srvcert, &pkey ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); /* * 2. Setup the listening TCP socket */ snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] Bind on localhost: %s ...","8080"); trace(s); fflush( stdout ); if( ( ret = mbedtls_net_bind( &listen_fd, NULL, "8080", MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] failed\n ! mbedtls_net_bind returned %d\n\n", ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); pthread_mutex_lock(&listen_fd1_mutex); listen_fd1 = listen_fd; pthread_mutex_unlock(&listen_fd1_mutex); while(true) { //reset: if(ret!=0) { char error_buf[100]; mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_buf, 100 ); snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL Server] Last error was: -0x%04x - %s\n", -ret, error_buf ); trace(s); } /* * 3. Wait until a client connects */ trace( "[SSL Server] Waiting for a remote connection\n" ); int ret =mbedtls_net_accept(&listen_fd,&client_socket_ssl,NULL,0,NULL); if(ret != 0) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL Server] failed: mbedtls_net_accept returned -0x%04x\n", ret); trace(s); break; } trace( "[SSL Server] ok\n" ); //do whatever we do with connections. //put the connection somewhere so that an available thread //can find it. mbedtls_net_context *pclient = malloc(sizeof(mbedtls_net_context)); *pclient = client_socket_ssl; pthread_mutex_lock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); enqueue_ssl(pclient); pthread_cond_signal(&condition_var_ssl); pthread_mutex_unlock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); ret = 0; } thread_exit: mbedtls_x509_crt_free( &srvcert ); mbedtls_pk_free( &pkey ); mbedtls_ssl_cache_free( &cache ); mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free( &ctr_drbg ); mbedtls_entropy_free( &entropy ); mbedtls_ssl_config_free( &conf ); mbedtls_net_free( &listen_fd ); deleteThreadPoolSSLArray(); return NULL; } static void *handleConnectionSSL(mbedtls_net_context *p_net_context) { int ret, len; char s[100]; struct packet_handler handler={}; handler.net_context = *p_net_context; free(p_net_context);// we really don't need this anymore unsigned char buf[1024]; /* Make sure memory references are valid */ mbedtls_ssl_init( &handler.ssl ); snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] Setting up SSL/TLS data\n", handler.net_context.fd ); trace(s); /* * 4. Get the SSL context ready */ if( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup( &handler.ssl, config ) ) != 0 ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] failed: mbedtls_ssl_setup returned -0x%04x\n",handler.net_context.fd, -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } mbedtls_ssl_set_bio( &handler.ssl, (mbedtls_net_context*)&handler.net_context, mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv, NULL ); /* * 5. Handshake */ snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] Performing the SSL/TLS handshake\n", handler.net_context.fd); trace(s); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake( &handler.ssl ) ) != 0 ) { if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] failed: mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x%04x\n", handler.net_context.fd, -ret ); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } } snprintf(s,sizeof(s),"[SSL client_socket=%d] ok\n", handler.net_context.fd ); trace(s); ret = runPacketHandler(&handler); snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL client_socket=%d] . Closing the connection...", handler.net_context.fd ); trace(s); while( ( ret = mbedtls_ssl_close_notify( &handler.ssl ) ) < 0 ) { if( ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE ) { snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL client_socket=%d] failed: mbedtls_ssl_close_notify returned -0x%04x\n", handler.net_context.fd, ret); trace(s); goto thread_exit; } } trace( " ok\n" ); ret = 0; thread_exit: if( ret != 0 ) { char error_buf[100]; mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_buf, 100 ); snprintf(s,sizeof(s), "[SSL client_socket=%d] Last error was: -0x%04x - %s\n\n", handler.net_context.fd, -ret, error_buf ); trace(s); } mbedtls_net_free((mbedtls_net_context*)&handler.net_context); mbedtls_ssl_free(&handler.ssl); return NULL; } void *threadFunctionSSL(void *arg) { (void)(arg); while(true) { mbedtls_net_context *pclient; pthread_mutex_lock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); if((pclient=dequeue_ssl())==NULL) { pthread_cond_wait((pthread_cond_t *)&pclient,&client_socket_ssl_mutex); //try again pclient = dequeue_ssl(); } pthread_mutex_unlock(&client_socket_ssl_mutex); if(pclient!=NULL) { //we have a connection handleConnectionSSL(pclient); } } } File contents thread_pool_ssl.h: #ifndef SSL_THREAD_POOL_H #define SSL_THREAD_POOL_H #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <pthread.h> #include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h" extern pthread_t *thread_pool_ssl; extern pthread_mutex_t client_socket_ssl_mutex; extern pthread_cond_t condition_var_ssl; void createThreadPoolSSLArray(int n); void deleteThreadPoolSSLArray(); extern void *handleSSLConnection(int* p_client_socket); extern void *threadFunctionSSL(void *arg); #endif // SSL_THREAD_POOL_H File contents thread_pool_ssl.c: #include "thread_pool_ssl.h" pthread_t *thread_pool_ssl=NULL; pthread_mutex_t client_socket_ssl_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; pthread_cond_t condition_var_ssl = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; void *threadFunctionSSL(void *arg); void createThreadPoolSSLArray(int n) { thread_pool_ssl = (pthread_t*)malloc(n); //first off create a bunch of threads to handle future connections for(int i=0; i<n;i++) { pthread_create(&thread_pool_ssl[i],NULL,threadFunctionSSL,NULL); } } void deleteThreadPoolSSLArray() { free(thread_pool_ssl); } File contents main.c: #include <stdio.h> #include "log.h" #include "ssl_server.h" #include <signal.h> void catchSigterm(); void catchSigint(); void runPortListening(); int main() { catchSigterm(); catchSigint(); runPortListening(); return 0; } void runPortListening() { trace("Starting port listening..."); pthread_t handleID; pthread_create(&handleID,NULL,runSSLServer,NULL); trace("Port listening started."); pthread_join(handleID,NULL); trace("Port listening complete."); } void closeServer() { trace("Shutdown SSL Server..."); pthread_mutex_lock(&listen_fd1_mutex); mbedtls_net_free(&listen_fd1); pthread_mutex_unlock(&listen_fd1_mutex); } void sigTermHandler(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ptr) { (void)signum; (void)info; (void)ptr; closeServer(); } void catchSigterm() { static struct sigaction _sigact; memset(&_sigact, 0, sizeof(_sigact)); _sigact.sa_sigaction = sigTermHandler; _sigact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; sigaction(SIGTERM, &_sigact, NULL); } void sigIntHandler(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ptr) { (void)signum; (void)info; (void)ptr; closeServer(); } void catchSigint() { static struct sigaction _sigact; memset(&_sigact, 0, sizeof(_sigact)); _sigact.sa_sigaction = sigIntHandler; _sigact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; sigaction(SIGINT, &_sigact, NULL); } Log files attached to the email. Regards, Michael.

4 years, 5 months

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Info regarding Mbedtls architecture

by Eikansh Gupta

Hi everyone, I am a Mtech student from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore(India). Currently, I am crediting computer security course. As the course project, the professor has asked us to rewrite Mbedtls using Rust language. The entire class will work on the single project with each person working on a single module. I am having trouble finding information regarding Mbedtls architecture, its modules and their working. I don't even know all the right resources I need to work on the project. It would save a lot of time if someone could point me to the right resources regarding Mbedtls needed for this project. Sincerely, Eikansh Gupta

4 years, 5 months

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Re: [mbed-tls] PKCS7 compliance

by Gilles Peskine

I forgot to mention that there is a work in progress to add PKCS#7 parsing: https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/pull/3431 This is an external contribution so its addition to Mbed TLS depends not only on us maintainers' review bandwidth, but also on the availability of the kind contributor. I'm not familiar with .p7* formats so I don't know whether the support added by this pull request is sufficient to cover all of those. -- Gilles Peskine Mbed TLS developer On 06/11/2020 13:50, Alvaro Gonzalez via mbed-tls wrote: > > Hello mbed-tls mailing list. > > ï¿½ > > Does mbed-tls comply PKCS7? Can handle .p7, .p7b and/or .p7a extension > files? > > ï¿½ > > Best Regards. > > ï¿½ > >

4 years, 5 months

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Re: [mbed-tls] PKCS7 Generation Contribution

by Gilles Peskine

Hi Nick, It would be great to have even partial support of PKCS#7 in Mbed TLS and we would welcome your contribution! You can find some guidance in CONTRIBUTING.md (https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/blob/development/CONTRIBUTING.md). Feel free to ask on the mailing list if anything is unclear. Note that there is a work in progress for adding PKCS#7 parsing: https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/pull/3431 . It may help to see what it does, but also note the review comments that point out some remaining issues. If you and naynajain work on parsing and generation at the same time, you'll need to synchronize since both sides will need to create pkcs7.[hc]. -- Gilles Peskine Mbed TLS developer On 10/11/2020 17:28, Nick Child via mbed-tls wrote: > Hello, > > For one of my projects, I had to create a PKCS7 generation/builder. I > noticed mbedtls currently has no support for PKCS7. After much trial > and error, I was able to use mbedtls functions to create a PKCS7 > structure for Signed Data. I was wondering if this something that > might be useful in later versions of mbedtls? The code currently has a > long way to go until it meets mbedtls coding standards, but I figured > I would ask if it is even possible and worth the efforts before > getting into it. I am also a rookie when it comes to open source > contributions, so I was hoping for some guidance regarding merging > upstream. > > Thanks for your time, > > Nick Child >

4 years, 5 months

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